Why might some files not have resource forks? Does this affect the `tar` utility at all?

I tarred, and re-tarred, the same directory. 2,560 bytes of metadata is somehow lost in that simple process:

/tmp$ tar xf workArea.tar
/tmp$ tar cf workArea_copy.tar WorkArea
/tmp$ ls -l *tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jdoe wheel 2068480 Mar 19 22:54 workArea.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jdoe wheel 2065920 Mar 19 23:27 workArea_copy.tar
/tmp$

How can there be data loss???

But then, I un-tarred / re-tarred workArea_copy.tar, and there was no data loss:

/tmp$ tar xf workArea_copy.tar
/tmp$ tar cf copy_copy.tar WorkArea
/tmp$ ls -l *tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jdoe wheel 2065920 Mar 19 23:38 copy_copy.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jdoe wheel 2065920 Mar 19 23:27 workArea_copy.tar
/tmp$

I noticed in the tar verbose output of when I untarred the original workArea.tar that some files did not have resource forks:

/tmp$ tar xfv workArea.tar
x WorkArea/
x WorkArea/kjDesc.txt // <-- where is resource fork?
x WorkArea/._engGrammar.doc
x WorkArea/engGrammar.doc
x WorkArea/._gingers.txt
x WorkArea/gingers.txt
x WorkArea/._intro.docx
x WorkArea/intro.docx
x WorkArea/._myAntenna.doc
x WorkArea/myAntenna.doc
x WorkArea/notes.txt // <-- where is resource fork?
x WorkArea/._notesKj.txt
x WorkArea/notesKj.txt
x WorkArea/._queen.xlsx
x WorkArea/queen.xlsx
x WorkArea/trans.txt // <-- where is resource fork?
x WorkArea/._url.txt
x WorkArea/url.txt
/tmp$

However, in the verbose tar output I can see that the missing resource fork issue exists in both untarring workArea.tar and workArea_copy.tar. The verbose output is exactly the same.

All files in this tar file were created on my MacBook. Nothing was imported from other file systems.

1. I am sure that 2,560 bytes is metadata. But what metadata? workArea.tar and workArea_copy.tar both have the same missing meta-data, yet they have difference sizes. I don't get it.
2. For that matter, how might some files even end-up with missing resource forks in the first place?

thanks.

Solution 1:

Resource Forks are a part of Mac OS files that were mostly used on Mac OS "Classic" (Pre Mac OS X, E.G. Mac OS 6 - Mac OS 9) In earlier Mac OS, and on the HFS File System (and HFS+) files had two "forks", the "data" fork and the "resource" fork. The data fork is what all files today have; the resource fork was a proprietary data structure from Apple designed for storing images, icons, dialog boxes, code and more in a structured file format.

They're not "metadata", they contained actual program code. Here's a screenshot from the old ResEdit program which was how resource forks were edited

Unix, Linux, and Windows lack a clear analogous data structure like the Mac Resource Fork. In part due to this compatibility issue, Resource Forks are not really used anymore (they're largely replaced with "Bundles")

Because of this, BSD/*nix tools like tar do not (by default) handle the resource fork. Therefore, when you run tar cf, you only archive the data fork

Note that in some versions of OS X, the built-in /usr/bin/tar utility will preserve resource forks, bu I can't confirm this for all versions of Mac OS X. If you want to preserve resource forks, look into ditto or make an HFS+ disk image (dmg) file

Helpful, but out-of-date information: http://xahlee.info/UnixResource_dir/macosx.html