Word that means "general preference to flee from/avoid commotion/attention"

Solution 1:

I would suggest introverted:

Characterized by interest in or preoccupation with oneself or one's own thoughts as opposed to others or the environment; shy or reserved.

At least in the US, people typically describe others who would rather be by themselves than with others as introverted.

Source: the free dictionary

Solution 2:

While it is somewhat more general, consider retire

to go away, as into seclusion, for recuperation, etc

Collins

Using it the context of the question, the term would likely be followed by an indication of what the person was avoiding or where he was going, such as

He retired from the cacophony of the of the dining table debate, seeking the sanctuary of his study.