Rails: NameError: uninitialized constant

I have a simple model called PhoneNumber:

class PhoneNumber < ActiveRecord::Base
  validates :pnumber, presence: true, on: :create #=> { :message => " cannot be blank" }
  validates :pnumber, numericality: true, on: :create
end

I go to the root folder of the application (the one containing the app sub-folder) and start the console:

rails console --sandbox

When I try to create an empty PhoneNumber (I want to get an error message as the validation shall fail) I am getting the following error message:

2.0.0-p451 :001 > PhoneNumber.new
NameError: uninitialized constant PhoneNumber
from (irb):1
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/railties-4.1.5/lib/rails/commands/console.rb:90:in `start'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/railties-4.1.5/lib/rails/commands/console.rb:9:in `start'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/railties-4.1.5/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:69:in `console'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/railties-4.1.5/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:40:in `run_command!'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/railties-4.1.5/lib/rails/commands.rb:17:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/railties-4.1.5/lib/rails/app_rails_loader.rb:43:in `require'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/railties-4.1.5/lib/rails/app_rails_loader.rb:43:in `block in exec_app_rails'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/railties-4.1.5/lib/rails/app_rails_loader.rb:32:in `loop'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/railties-4.1.5/lib/rails/app_rails_loader.rb:32:in `exec_app_rails'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/railties-4.1.5/lib/rails/cli.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/railties-4.1.5/bin/rails:9:in `require'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/railties-4.1.5/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/rails:23:in `load'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/rails:23:in `<main>'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
from /Users/nnikolo/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/2.2.2.02.02.02.0.2.2.02.222222.2.02.02.0.2.2.022222222222222

It seems the console is not aware of the model. In plain ruby you need to 'require' the file containing the class but I thought that the rails console shall automatically load all models. What is going on here?

Some things to try:

1. Restart the rails console; changes to your models will only get picked up by a rails console that is already open if you do > reload! (although I have found this to be unpredictable), or by restarting the console.

2. Is your model file called "phone_number.rb" and is it in "/app/models"?

3. You should double-check the "--sandbox" option on your rails console command. AFAIK, this prevents changes. Try it without the switch.

I was getting the error:

NameError: uninitialized constant

Then I noticed that I had accidentally created a plural model so I went back and renamed the model file to singular and also changed the class name in the model file to singular and that solved it.

I started having this issue after upgrading Rails 5.1 to 5.2
I got it solved with:

spring stop
spring binstub --all
spring start
rails s

I ran into this also with a file directly in the models directory, and it turns out that I wasn't properly loading up the code on startup. I was able to fix the issue by setting config.eager_load = true in my development.rb file. This made the class available to me in the console