Noun for something that is randomly chosen?
- happenstance (n) A chance happening or event.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/happenstance?s=t
- Fortuitous (adj) Happening or produced by chance; accidental
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/fortuitous?s=t
Something chosen at random can be called arbitrary.
arbitrary (adj.) - Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system
I can think of
indiscriminately - In a random manner; unsystematically:
or maybe even a less profound alternative like unselective or aimless, depending on the context
I think indiscriminately might be a better choice than arbitrary, because I believe the latter has a connotation of personal choice based on a mood. I am, however, not too sure about this and might be corrected accordingly.