Word for the state/condition of feeling that one's life is meaningless?

If someone is depressed you can say, "We knew about his depression." How about the feeling of meaninglessness? I think you can't say, "We knew about his meaninglessness" (since it's not a state or condition).


Do you have angst, ennui, or weltschmerz?

I'd guess ennui. From the OED:

A feeling of listlessness and dissatisfaction arising from a lack of occupation or excitement

Example:

he succumbed to ennui and despair


Perhaps anomie is the word you are looking for:-

  1. Alienation and purposelessness experienced by a person or a class as a result of a lack of standards, values, or ideals [American Heritage Dictionary via the Free Dictionary]