Windows Task Manager equivalent for Mac OS X?
Solution 1:
Activity Monitor. It's included with OS X. Just look in your Applications/Utilities folder or use Spotlight to find and open it.
Solution 2:
Activity Monitor found in Applications/Utilities folder.
O'Reilly Mac Dev Centre has a good run down on how to "read it". And Peek-a-boo is a good way to show you how processes connect to one another.
Although if you really want to know what your system's up to, I'd recommend iStat pro.