Adverb to describe one's career?

You could use vocationally, if that fits for you (even without the ly) - but there is no real surrounding context here, we're going to be putting words in your mouth, so to speak.

While I don't see a problem with the word professionally in the case you describe, the term professional growth might come off a bit softer. For example, "This decision benefits me financially and offers opportunities for professional growth." I believe that professional growth suggests a desire for self-improvement. It avoids some possible negative interpretation of professional benefits that I think you're worried about, such as a reckless pursuit of titles and dollars.