How do native English speakers decide whether to use "began" or "started"?

This is something that has been puzzling me for a while. For example:

He started to run.

He began to run.

In common/informal speech, how do native English speakers decide when to use the former and when to use the latter?

Solution 1:

Begin and start are synonyms with a few exceptions. Both are correct in your examples though begin may sound more formal. The following extract will help:

We can use the verbs begin and start to mean the same thing but begin is more formal than start. Begin is an irregular verb. Its past simple form is began and its -ed form is begun:

When did you begin learning English?
The meeting didn’t start until 9 pm.

We use start, but not begin, to talk about machines:

Press this button to start the printer.
Not: …to begin the printer.

The lawnmower won’t start. (this means that it doesn’t work)
Not: The lawnmower won’t begin.

Start, but not begin, is used to talk about creating a new business:

She started a new restaurant and it’s been going really well.
Not: She began a new restaurant …

(dictionary.cambridge.org/it/grammatical)

Solution 2:

In their main senses, start and begin are synonyms.

However, start has an additional sense where begin doesn't apply: [Oxford, sense 1.1]

Embark on a continuing action or a new venture:

Keeping that in mind, he started running might imply he started running regularly as a hobby.

Compare:

As soon as he saw the cop round the corner, he started running. (can use began here)

In his attempts to get in better shape, he started running. (can't use began here)

To avoid ambiguity, to mean he started the activity of running at the time you're talking about, like my first example, use he began running.

(I'm using the -ing form deliberately here as it helps me illustrate my point better, but note that Oxford states the infinitive(to) and -ing forms have no difference in meaning for both begin and start)

PS - I'm not a native speaker. You might wanna take it with a grain of salt.

Solution 3:

I don't know whether this is me, or if it is in effect a significant difference but when I want to express the idea of when or why a bad habit or addiction commenced I tend to prefer start + verb + ing.

He started smoking crack in his teens
She started taking drugs at University
He could see no solution to his problems, so he started drinking …
She started sleeping with anyone who …

In Google Books we see the following;

started smoking crack fetches 1,680 results
began smoking crack fetches 232 results
began to smoke crack has 39 results
started to smoke crack gets 26 results

started taking drugs fetches 10,400 results
began taking drugs fetches 4,040 results
began to take drugs gets 2,550 results
started to take drugs only has 990 results

In the OP's examples there is no difference in meaning between He started to run and He began to run. And neither with He started running and He began running, personally I don't see why begin is considered more formal than start; but I have read that it is a “difference”.

Solution 4:

The start of something defines a unique new event in its own right, the beginning is just the change in state of something that already exists. For that reason what is starting usually needs to be expressed That is why a business can be a startup, but never a beginup. If you initiate an intermittent process; Start generally refers to the beginning of the first active period while begin generally refers to the start of any active period. That sentence rather nicely demonstrates how one can become the other by changing the scope of what you are concerned with. Start most modifies a verb, while begin

Solution 5:

Disclaimer: My observations may not be representative of others' usage of the English language.

Personally I find that people usually only use 'began' before a 'to', in which case it's usually interchangeable with 'started'.

He began to think hard about the situation.
He started to think hard about the situation.
He began to run.
He started to tun.

Compared to:

He began thinking hard about the situation.
He started thinking hard about the situation.
He began running
He started running

The main difference when choosing between the two is pace. 'Began' is used more often for a slow action, whereas 'started' is used for both but will almost always be chosen if the action is quick.

For example "he began to think quickly" doesn't sound as good as "he started to think quickly". Compare this to "the cat began to creep slowly forward" and "the cat started to creep slowly forward" where the former sentence sounds better.