One word for talking with a raised voice (but not shouting)

"Exclaim"

"You did what?!" exclaimed Jack's Mother.

Note also the addition of the exclamation mark.

Perhaps barked

To speak sharply; snap: "a spot where you can just drop in ... without anyone's barking at you for failing to plan ahead" (Andy Birsh).

American Heritage

And as suggested in the prior offering, snap

Say something quickly and irritably to someone:

[NO OBJECT]: McIllvanney snapped at her

[WITH DIRECT SPEECH]: “I really don’t much care,” she snapped

Oxford Dictionaries Online

snap

"You did what?"snapped Jack's mother. (No pun intended with respect to the beans).