Is it wrong to use 'not" in sentences that have an “all…not” form

Solution 1:

The question, as posed, is

• Is it wrong to use “not” in sentences that have an “all…not” form?

and the answer, as far as I can reckon it, is that it's not.
It is never wrong to use not. If that's what you mean, of course.

I don't quite understand what you mean by sentences that have an “all…not” form,
but I don't imagine you do, either. Description of syntactic structures is hard.

What's going on in the example question

• All of the women in the district did not vote for the lone female candidate.

is that there is a quantifier (all) and a negative (not) in the same proposition,
and when that happens there occurs what is called a Quantifier-Negative Ambiguity.
That is, there are two possible ways in which the negative and the quantifier can interact.

Either it means All Women (Not Vote X) [i.e, "All the women voted non-X"], or
it means Not (All Women Vote X) [i.e, "All the women voted X" is False -- someone voted non-X].

This ambiguity is likely and often unavoidable in all of the following environments:

• at least one negative and a quantifier in a single clause
• at least one epistemic quantifier (some, any) and one universal quantifer (all, every), ditto
• at least one Possible ('Diamond') modal and one Necessary ('Square') modal, ditto.

because quantifiers, negatives, and modals are all logical operators which bind a focus.

Solution 2:

The problem is that the intended meaning is not clear. The intended meaning could have been:

Not all of the women in the district voted for the lone female candidate,
Some' but not all, of the women in the district voted for the lone female candidate

or

All of the women in the district voted against the lone female candidate, or abstained.