Is it possible to put a Steam game onto a USB drive and have it work without a direct way to install Steam?

At my school programing class, our teacher encouraged us to gather other types of video game design software to allow us to make more complex games, instead of just the base Greenfoot and Bluejay games. I remembered I had RPG Maker VX Ace on my computer at home, so now I am stuck at how I would get it to school, seeing that the county blocks Steam (and everything else good on the internet (besides this site)).

Is there a way I could get it onto a USB drive and use it on the other computer without a direct way (from the school computer) to download Steam?

Almost all Steam games and applications are protected by Steam's copy protection scheme which requires that the Steam client be installed on the computer you use it on. It also requires that the client be able to connect to the Steam servers at least once to validate the game. RPG Maker VX Ace isn't exception, so no, you can't do what you're asking.

However there are a couple of possible workarounds. The first is that while the RPG Maker VX Ace application is protected by Steam DRM, games that you create with it aren't. So you can create your games at home and bring the finished result to to class to demonstrate. The second possibility is you might be able to download the RPG Make VX Ace trial directly from the RPG Maker web site. It's possible though that this also is protected by Steam or some other form of DRM, but it doesn't look like it from the description. Either way it doesn't cost you anything to find out.

(It's also possible that the full version of the application available direct from the web site isn't DRM protected, but this is much more costly to verify.)

Finally since you need access to the Steam servers for legitimate school work, there's a small outside chance you may be able to convince the powers-that-be to make an exception for you.

You could consider using a phone as a mobile hotspot - set it all up with a USB, etc. then go to school, connect the computer to your phone's mobile hotspot, and then start Steam. Once it's all loaded, close steam, turn off mobile hotspot and start steam again. Because it's done it's first verification, it should work from then on. OR you could try to get Steam to connect through a VPN, but that might be harder.