Passing data between View Controllers using Segue

Solution 1:

"Passing data to the destination Controller" when a segue is triggered will be achieved by overriding method prepareForSegue:sender:.

Generally, you pass data and NOT the source view controller, to the destination view controller. "data" may be a certain aspect of your application "model". It's an object like "User", or perhaps an array containing "User", etc.

The destination view controller shall not have any knowledge of the source view controller. That means, the destination view controller does not need to import the header of the source view controller.

On the other hand, the source view controller may have knowledge of the concrete class of the destination view controller or a base class of the destination view controller, and thus will import the header of the destination view controller.

See: Configuring the Destination Controller When a Segue is Triggered

If you need some sort of "communication protocol" between the source and the destination, you might employ Delegation to communicate with other view controllers. This involves the definition of a @protocol (e.g. having a method doneButton) and a property delegate which is defined in the destination view controller. The protocol should be defined in the header of the destination view controller, if it's specific to the destination view controller. Usually, you define tho protocol from the view point of the destination controller, and not from the requirements of the source controller.

The source view controller then creates a delegate (unless, it itself is it already) and sets the delegate of of the destination view controller. The destination view controller will send the delegate methods to the delegate, and the delegate handles it.

Now, passing "data" from a VC_A to VC_B should be straight forward. You should read a few examples which use prepareForSegue:sender:. For example, the destination view controller may have a property data which represents the thing it should display. The source view controller must set this property in prepareForSegue:sender:.

Passing data from VC_A over VC_B to VC_C should be straight forward as well.

Note: Each view controller may tailor (separate, modify, prepare, slice, transform, etc.) its data to make it a suitable data for the next view controller.

If VC_C needs data that is not available in its source view controller VC_B, then there are a couple of approaches to solve this. However, this is usually a sign of bad design.

You could have an application model, which is global. Suppose, your "application model" is an object of type Document. Suppose, at any time there is only one instance of that application model. Then, the model is a "Singleton", which could be accessed from anywhere in your app like so:

Document* document = [Document sharedDocument];

However, the preferred way to get an instance of a model is in the first view controller which requires access to it, in this case: VC_A.

Then, VC_A passes a Document instance to the next view controller VC_B. And VC_B passes the document object to VC_C.

You should read the official documentation "View Controller Programming Guide for iOS".

Example 1

Suppose, you have a list "Users". The list should be displayed in a table view controller, and there should also be a detail view, showing details of one User.

The table view controller will have a "data" property users:

In UsersTableViewController.h:

@interface UsersTableViewController : UIViewController
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSArray* users;
@end

(Strictly, this user property doesn't need to be public. For example, if the table view internally obtains the list of users itself, there is not need to access it from outside.

The "users" array is the data of the table view which shall be displayed in rows. Each row shows a "summary" of a user.

More details of a user should be displayed in a detail view controller. The detail view controller's data is a single user of type User.

When the user tabs a certain row in the table view, the detail view controller will be displayed. Before it will be displayed, the table view controller must configure the detail view controller: the table view controller assigns the detail view controller's "data property" the current selected user. Thus, the detail view controller should have a public property user:

@interface UserViewController : UIViewController
@property (nonatomic) User* user;
@end

The table view controller configures the detail view controller in prepareForSegue:sender::

In UsersTableViewController.m

- (void) prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender
{
    if ([[segue identifier] isEqualToString:@"ShowUserDetails"]) {
        UserViewController* userViewController = [segue destinationViewController];
        userViewController.user = [self.users objectInListAtIndex:[self.tableView indexPathForSelectedRow].row];
    }
}

Example 2

The second example is more complex and uses "Delegation" as a means to establish a communication between controllers.

Caution:

This is not a complete example. The purpose of this example shall demonstrate how to use "Delegation". A full featured implementation of data tasks as shown in the example will require significant more effort. In this scenarios like these, "Delegation" will be the most preferred approach to accomplish this (IMHO).

Suppose we want to

Show a User
Modify (edit) a User
Create New a User, and
Delete a User

from within the detail view.

These "data tasks" shall not be performed by the detail view controller itself, instead a delegate is responsible for these data tasks.

These data actions shall be handled by the delegate:

@protocol UserDataSourceDelegateProtocol <NSObject>
- (User*) viewControllerUser:(UserViewControllerBase*)viewController;
- (void) viewController:(UserViewControllerBase*)viewController dismissWithUpdatedUser:(User*)user;
- (void) viewController:(UserViewControllerBase*)viewController dismissWithDeletedUser:(User*)user;
- (void) viewController:(UserViewControllerBase*)viewController dismissWithCreatedUser:(User*)user;
@end

This protocol reflects the basic CRUD methods (Create, Read, Update, Delete).

Again, we don't want the Detail View Controller itself to perform these data methods, but instead this will be performed by an instance implementing the UserDataSourceDelegateProtocol. The detail view controller has a property of this delegate, and it sends these "data tasks" to the delegate.

There may be several detail view controllers, all subclasses of abstract class UserViewControllerBase which handle the show, edit and create tasks. Deletion of a user can be performed in the table view and in the "Show User" view controller:

ShowUserViewController
EditUserViewController
NewUserViewController

For example The EditUserViewController will send viewController:dismissWithUpdatedUser: when the user tabs the "back" button AND if the user has modified the user object. Now, the delegate may or may not allow to dismiss the detail view. It may disallow it when there are validation errors for example.

The UserDataSourceDelegateProtocol protocol may be implemented in the root view controller, the table view controller for example. However, a separate class whose sole responsibility is to handle data tasks may be more appropriate. In the sample below, the table view controller will also be this data handler.

The UserDataSourceDelegateProtocol may be defined in an extra header.

In UsersTableViewController.m:

#import "UserDataSourceDelegateProtocol.h"
#import "ShowUserViewController.h"


@interface UsersTableViewController () <UserDataSourceDelegateProtocol> 
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSArray* users;
@end


// This delegate will be called when the detail view controller request 
// the user object which shall be displayed.
- (User*) viewControllerUser:(UserViewControllerBase*)viewController {
    return [self.users objectInListAtIndex:[self.tableView indexPathForSelectedRow].row];
}

Here, the Table View Controller configures the Show User Detail View Controller:

- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender
{
    if ([segue.identifier isEqualToString:UserShowSegueID])
    {
        ShowUserViewController* showViewController = segue.destinationViewController;
        showViewController.delegate = self; // Data Source Handler is self
    }
}

The "Edit User" view controller is usually a destination view controller of the "Show User" view controller, which gets viewed when the user tabs the "Edit" button.

The "Show User" view controller will setup the delegate for the "Edit User" view controller gets the same delegate:

In ShowUserViewController.m

- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender
{
    if ([segue.identifier isEqualToString:UserEditSegueID])
    {
        EditUserViewController* editViewController = segue.destinationViewController;
        editViewController.delegate = self.delegate; // pass through the data source hanlder
    }
}

The data delegate may handle an updated user as follows:

In UsersTableViewController.m:

- (void) viewController:(UserViewControllerBase*)viewController
 dismissWithUpdatedUser:(User*)user {
    if (/* is valid user and can be saved */) {
        [viewController.presentingViewController dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES
                                                                     completion:nil];
    }
}

Solution 2:

This Swift project on YouTube helped me to finally understand how to do this.

I set up a simple example along similar lines. Write some text in a text field, press the button, and it puts the text in a Label in the next View Controller.

Setup the storyboard

enter image description here

It's not very difficult. Create the storyboard layout in the Interface Builder. To make the segue you just control click on the button and drag over to the Second View Controller.

First View Controller

The code for the First View Controller is

import UIKit

class FirstViewController: UIViewController {

    @IBOutlet weak var textField: UITextField!

    // This function is called before the segue
    override func prepareForSegue(segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: AnyObject?) {

        // get a reference to the second view controller
        let secondViewController = segue.destinationViewController as! SecondViewController

        // set a variable in the second view controller with the String to pass
        secondViewController.receivedString = textField.text!
    }

}

Second View Controller

And the code for the Second View Controller is

import UIKit

class SecondViewController: UIViewController {

    @IBOutlet weak var label: UILabel!

    // This variable will hold the data being passed from the First View Controller
    var receivedString = ""

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // Used the text from the First View Controller to set the label
        label.text = receivedString
    }

}

Don't forget

Hook up the outlets for the UITextField and the UILabel.
Set the first and second View Controllers to the appropriate Swift files in IB.

The process to pass the data on to a Third View Controller would be the same.

Solution 3:

ya there is a solution but not the most proper way .

ViewController3.h

-(void)getUser:(NSString *)strPassedUser;

go to your ViewController3.m and above the the @interface add a variable like this

NSString *recievingVariable ;

then some where inside the ViewController3.m

-(void)getUser:(NSString *)strPassedUser
{
    recievingVariable = strPassedUser;
}

ViewController1 and import ViewController3 then do like this ..

ViewController3 * vc3 = [ViewController3 alloc]getUser :@"me"];

in this case your function getUser will be called and you will get receivingVariable= me.

Solution 4:

Better and easy solution.

UIStoryboard *storyboard = [UIStoryboard storyboardWithName:@"Main" bundle:nil];
UIViewController *vc = [storyboard instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier:@"webView"];
webView = (WebViewController *)vc;
webView.strWebLink = @"http://www.Google.com/";
[self.navigationController showViewController:vc sender:self];

Solution 5:

Use Singleton pattern:

The Singleton pattern in software engineering is a design pattern that ensure a class has only one instance, and provide a global point of access to it.

As it has a unique instance, class variables and methods are shared in entire application/namespace.

Example:

class Singleton {
    static let sharedInstance = Singleton()
    var studentId = 1281
}

And you can use it anywhere in your App like this:

var studentId = Singleton.sharedInstance.studentId
print("Student Id: \(studentId)")