What is kept after a character wipe?

I recently started playing Elite: Dangerous and have learned there will be a full (?) character wipe soon (November 22nd IIRC), so for this reason I've been holding back my urge to play it for the last couple of weeks.

Is there anything in the game that does gets carried over between wipes?

Based on the last couple of wipes, nothing in-game is kept.

Local settings, e.g. key bindings and screen resolution, are kept.

Mistakes are wiped as well, so use this to your advantage! After all, your skills and knowledge about the game cannot be reset. So try things out: tweak your key bindings, dock with assisted flight off, fire at some law-enforcement forces, or dive into a star. And enjoy the fact that it doesn't matter for the real game :)