How to apply a logical operator to all elements in a python list

I have a list of booleans in python. I want to AND (or OR or NOT) them and get the result. The following code works but is not very pythonic.

def apply_and(alist):
 if len(alist) > 1:
     return alist[0] and apply_and(alist[1:])
 else:
     return alist[0]

Any suggestions on how to make it more pythonic appreciated.

Logical and across all elements in a_list:

all(a_list)

Logical or across all elements in a_list:

any(a_list)

If you feel creative, you can also do:

import operator
def my_all(a_list):
  return reduce(operator.and_, a_list, True)

def my_any(a_list):
  return reduce(operator.or_, a_list, False)

keep in mind that those aren't evaluated in short circuit, whilst the built-ins are ;-)

another funny way:

def my_all_v2(a_list):
  return len(filter(None,a_list)) == len(a_list)

def my_any_v2(a_list):
  return len(filter(None,a_list)) > 0

and yet another:

def my_all_v3(a_list):
  for i in a_list:
    if not i:
      return False
  return True

def my_any_v3(a_list):
  for i in a_list:
    if i:
      return True
  return False

and we could go on all day, but yes, the pythonic way is to use all and any :-)

By the way, Python has not tail recursion elimination, so don't try to translate LISP code directly ;-)

ANDing and ORing is easy:

>>> some_list = [True] * 100
# OR
>>> any(some_list)
True
#AND
>>> all(some_list)
True
>>> some_list[0] = False
>>> any(some_list)
True
>>> all(some_list)
False

NOTing is also fairly easy:

>>> [not x for x in some_list]
[True, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False, False]

Of course, how you would use those results might require some interesting applications of DeMorgan's theorem.