What are the technical symbols used in the margin of a page called?

Solution 1:

I would call those additions marginalia:

notes in the margin of a book, manuscript, or letter

[C19: New Latin, noun (neuter plural) from marginālis, 'marginal']

As for a suitable verb, try annotate.

Solution 2:

Postil {Postiling} or {Postilling}.] To write postils, or marginal notes; to comment; to postillate. [1913 Webster]

Apostille or Apostil n. deriv. of apostiller to add marginal notes, postilla marginal note

Scholium A marginal annotation; an explanatory remark or comment; specifically, an explanatory comment on the text of a classic author by an early grammarian. [1913 Webster]

  1. A remark or observation subjoined to a demonstration or a train of reasoning. [1913 Webster]

If you are looking for a key to read the symbols. or google "ecclesiastical logograms"