Javascript convert HSB/HSV color to RGB accurately

Solution 1:

From Parthik Gosar's link in this comment with slight modification to let you enter each value independently or all at once as an object

/* accepts parameters
 * h  Object = {h:x, s:y, v:z}
 * OR 
 * h, s, v
*/
function HSVtoRGB(h, s, v) {
    var r, g, b, i, f, p, q, t;
    if (arguments.length === 1) {
        s = h.s, v = h.v, h = h.h;
    }
    i = Math.floor(h * 6);
    f = h * 6 - i;
    p = v * (1 - s);
    q = v * (1 - f * s);
    t = v * (1 - (1 - f) * s);
    switch (i % 6) {
        case 0: r = v, g = t, b = p; break;
        case 1: r = q, g = v, b = p; break;
        case 2: r = p, g = v, b = t; break;
        case 3: r = p, g = q, b = v; break;
        case 4: r = t, g = p, b = v; break;
        case 5: r = v, g = p, b = q; break;
    }
    return {
        r: Math.round(r * 255),
        g: Math.round(g * 255),
        b: Math.round(b * 255)
    };
}

This code expects 0 <= h, s, v <= 1, if you're using degrees or radians, remember to divide them out.

The returned 0 <= r, g, b <= 255 are rounded to the nearest Integer. If you don't want this behaviour remove the Math.rounds from the returned object.

And the reverse (with less division)

/* accepts parameters
 * r  Object = {r:x, g:y, b:z}
 * OR 
 * r, g, b
*/
function RGBtoHSV(r, g, b) {
    if (arguments.length === 1) {
        g = r.g, b = r.b, r = r.r;
    }
    var max = Math.max(r, g, b), min = Math.min(r, g, b),
        d = max - min,
        h,
        s = (max === 0 ? 0 : d / max),
        v = max / 255;

    switch (max) {
        case min: h = 0; break;
        case r: h = (g - b) + d * (g < b ? 6: 0); h /= 6 * d; break;
        case g: h = (b - r) + d * 2; h /= 6 * d; break;
        case b: h = (r - g) + d * 4; h /= 6 * d; break;
    }

    return {
        h: h,
        s: s,
        v: v
    };
}

This code will output 0 <= h, s, v <= 1, but this time takes any 0 <= r, g, b <= 255 (does not need to be an integer)

For completeness,

function HSVtoHSL(h, s, v) {
    if (arguments.length === 1) {
        s = h.s, v = h.v, h = h.h;
    }
    var _h = h,
        _s = s * v,
        _l = (2 - s) * v;
    _s /= (_l <= 1) ? _l : 2 - _l;
    _l /= 2;

    return {
        h: _h,
        s: _s,
        l: _l
    };
}

function HSLtoHSV(h, s, l) {
    if (arguments.length === 1) {
        s = h.s, l = h.l, h = h.h;
    }
    var _h = h,
        _s,
        _v;

    l *= 2;
    s *= (l <= 1) ? l : 2 - l;
    _v = (l + s) / 2;
    _s = (2 * s) / (l + s);

    return {
        h: _h,
        s: _s,
        v: _v
    };
}

All of these values should be in the range 0 to 1. For HSL<->RGB go via HSV.

Solution 2:

Short but precise

Try this (more: rgb2hsv, hsl2rgb, rgb2hsl and sl22sv)

// input: h in [0,360] and s,v in [0,1] - output: r,g,b in [0,1]
function hsv2rgb(h,s,v) 
{                              
  let f= (n,k=(n+h/60)%6) => v - v*s*Math.max( Math.min(k,4-k,1), 0);     
  return [f(5),f(3),f(1)];       
}   

// oneliner version
let hsv2rgb=(h,s,v,f=(n,k=(n+h/60)%6)=>v-v*s*Math.max(Math.min(k,4-k,1),0))=>[f(5),f(3),f(1)];

console.log(`hsv: (340,0.3,0.9) -> rgb: (${hsv2rgb(340,0.3,0.9)})`)


// ---------------
// UX
// ---------------

rgb= [0,0,0];
hs= [0,0,0];

function rgb2hsv(r,g,b) {
  let v=Math.max(r,g,b), n=v-Math.min(r,g,b);
  let h= n && ((v==r) ? (g-b)/n : ((v==g) ? 2+(b-r)/n : 4+(r-g)/n)); 
  return [60*(h<0?h+6:h), v&&n/v, v];
}

function changeRGB(i,e) {
  rgb[i]=e.target.value/255;
  hs = rgb2hsv(...rgb);
  refresh();
}

function changeHS(i,e) {
  hs[i]=e.target.value/(i?255:1);
  rgb= hsv2rgb(...hs);
  refresh();
}

function refresh() {
  rr = rgb.map(x=>x*255|0).join(', ')
  tr = `RGB: ${rr}`
  th = `HSV: ${hs.map((x,i)=>i? (x*100).toFixed(2)+'%':x|0).join(', ')}`
  box.style.backgroundColor=`rgb(${rr})`;  
  infoRGB.innerHTML=`${tr}`;  
  infoHS.innerHTML =`${th}`;  
  
  r.value=rgb[0]*255;
  g.value=rgb[1]*255;
  b.value=rgb[2]*255;
  
  h.value=hs[0];
  s.value=hs[1]*255;
  v.value=hs[2]*255;  
}

refresh();

body { display: flex; }
.box { width: 50px; height: 50px; margin: 20px; }

<div>
  <input id="r" type="range" min="0" max="255" oninput="changeRGB(0,event)">R<br>
  <input id="g" type="range" min="0" max="255" oninput="changeRGB(1,event)">G<br>
  <input id="b" type="range" min="0" max="255" oninput="changeRGB(2,event)">B<br>
  <pre id="infoRGB"></pre>
</div> 

<div id="box" class="box hsl"></div>

<div>
  <input id="h" type="range" min="0" max="360" oninput="changeHS(0,event)">H<br>
  <input id="s" type="range" min="0" max="255" oninput="changeHS(1,event)">S<br>
  <input id="v" type="range" min="0" max="255" oninput="changeHS(2,event)">V<br>
  <pre id="infoHS"></pre><br>
</div>

Here are formulas which I discover and precisely describe in wiki + error analysis