Multiple PCI-E ports without a switch

I was just thinking of designing an IO board for cm4 but when I was deciding a PCI-E switch I came across this image (see the lower part of the image):

I saw that all the devices were having a common connection. Is it really possible?
(note the context is PCI-E, not PCI)

No. PCI Express uses dedicated, point-to-point links throughout.

Logically, there is a bus (for legacy PCI compatibility), but physically it needs to be dedicated or switched.

You cannot connect a PCIe lane to more than two devices. But you can use PCIe switches to increase the total number of lanes to connect more devices.