It would help to know the model of your card-reader. You could look for a driver on the website of its manufacturer.

Use the regsvr32 command to re-register the following dll files (whichever ones exist on your computer). For example: regsvr32 scarddlg.dll.

scarddlg.dll   SCardDlg - Smart Card Common Dialog
scardssp.dll   Smart Card Base Service Providers
sccbase.dll    Infineon SICRYPT Base Smart Card CSP
sccsccp.dll    Infineon SICRYPT Smart Card Crypto Provider COM Objects
scredir.dll    Smart Card Redirection for TS
slbcsp.dll     Schlumberger Smart Card CryptoAPI Library
slbiop.dll     Schlumberger Smart Card Interoperability Library v2
slbrccsp.dll   Schlumberger Smart Card CryptoAPI Resource File

If the above steps do not help with the issue, try a Repair Install of Windows 10 with an In-place Upgrade. This is the same as doing a major upgrade of Windows, so take the appropriate backups.