Is Microsoft's Windows 10 Pro Hyper-V VM any more preformant, or efficiant, than Oracle's Virtual Box VM?

Because Windows and Hyper-V are both created by Microsoft, it's logical that Microsoft's implementation of Hyper-V is better integrated with Windows.

As Virtualbox emulates virtual hardware, any hardware references involves two calls: One to the virtual hardware driver, then by Virtualbox to the real Windows driver. For this reason Virtualbox cannot do good pass-through access to the real hardware.

On the other hand, Hyper-V Generation 2 virtual machines employ drivers that are only thin wrappers on the real hardware, so with better performance. For this reason, Hyper-V can do much better pass-through of real hardware (if required).

So if your VM needs to much access the hardware, such as the disk and other devices, Hyper-V will give better performance. Otherwise, the two are equivalent, except that the user interface of Virtualbox is somewhat easier to use.

For more information see the (somewhat old) article of Generation 2 Virtual Machine Overview.