Is there a shotcut to recent files?

I use a small program in Windows so I can see recent files (when I save downloaded files and then need to send them by email) and it's super useful. Is there something like that on Ubuntu? Thank you!

Maybe. Do you mean if there's a way to do this on the CLI, or are you using the GUI and a file browser?

For example here's how to add "Recent files" to Thunar's side panel:

1. Open ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks with your text editor.
2. Add this line at the end: recent:/
3. Save the file.
4. Open thunar. There should be a recent bookmark on the side panel now

Courtesy of user @Laurentius in https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/392882/can-i-add-recent-items-view-to-thunar-bookmarks

According to a quick web search Dolphin and Nautilus at least had Recent Items list available by default. I just googled for "dolphin recent items" and "nautilus recent items", without quotes.

EDIT

I just tested the Thunar instruction on Bunsenlabs Lithium (Debian 10) & Thunar 1.8.4. Even if I manage my files on CLI, Thunar sidebar now indeed has an entry "Recent" which contains the list of files I've accessed using the graphical applications like LiberOffice Impress, Archive Manager or packet manager.

It depends on the GUI you are using. For example GNOME Flashback, the "old style" GNOME desktop (which I'm using), has a "Recently used documents" entry in the "Places" menu.

Also Nautilus, GNOME's default file manager, has a "Recently used" entry in the sidebar menu.