Chrome fails to launch after Windows update installs KB5004237

That KB in the question was from last week (Windows 10 Patch Tuesday) and does not affect Chrome here.

Make sure you have a backup of favorites , remove (uninstall) extensions, and completely uninstall Chrome.

Now restart your computer, check for any updates, install Chrome and test.

I had the same issue with two of my clients this morning.

I manged to pull the data from Event Viewer but I never found any fix that worked for my two users. Maybe the info will help someone else. I ended up removing the aforementioned update. It's worth noting that, just like my two clients, I have the latest version of Google Chrome installed along with this same update and mine is fine - for now.

Log Name:      Application
Source:        Application Error
Date:          7/20/2021 10:08:55 AM
Event ID:      1000
Task Category: (100)
Level:         Error
Keywords:      Classic
User:          N/A
Computer:      DESKTOP-25PKALC
Description:
Faulting application name: chrome.exe, version: 91.0.4472.164, time stamp: 0x60ef17ce
Faulting module name: KERNELBASE.dll, version: 10.0.19041.1110, time stamp: 0x4809adf2
Exception code: 0xc0000409
Fault offset: 0x000000000002a318
Faulting process id: 0xd100
Faulting application start time: 0x01d77d70c62cdc5e
Faulting application path: C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
Faulting module path: C:\windows\System32\KERNELBASE.dll
Report Id: 749f9cd6-da81-4282-bd69-023aface2bd2
Faulting package full name: 
Faulting package-relative application ID: 
Event Xml:
<Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event">
  <System>
    <Provider Name="Application Error" />
    <EventID Qualifiers="0">1000</EventID>
    <Version>0</Version>
    <Level>2</Level>
    <Task>100</Task>
    <Opcode>0</Opcode>
    <Keywords>0x80000000000000</Keywords>
    <TimeCreated SystemTime="2021-07-20T14:08:55.0733245Z" />
    <EventRecordID>15204</EventRecordID>
    <Correlation />
    <Execution ProcessID="0" ThreadID="0" />
    <Channel>Application</Channel>
    <Computer>DESKTOP-25PKALC</Computer>
    <Security />
  </System>
  <EventData>
    <Data>chrome.exe</Data>
    <Data>91.0.4472.164</Data>
    <Data>60ef17ce</Data>
    <Data>KERNELBASE.dll</Data>
    <Data>10.0.19041.1110</Data>
    <Data>4809adf2</Data>
    <Data>c0000409</Data>
    <Data>000000000002a318</Data>
    <Data>d100</Data>
    <Data>01d77d70c62cdc5e</Data>
    <Data>C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe</Data>
    <Data>C:\windows\System32\KERNELBASE.dll</Data>
    <Data>749f9cd6-da81-4282-bd69-023aface2bd2</Data>
    <Data>
    </Data>
    <Data>
    </Data>
  </EventData>
</Event>

Update 2021-07-23: Over the last several days, I've worked with one of our customers who had this issue. We tried multiple things but ended up doing a Windows reset. We chose the option to keep apps and files in place so we don't loose everything. It was fine after that but only until KB5004237 was installed again. As soon as I can, I'll be jumping into his machine and ripping out the update.

Again, I never like removing updates because they tend to do more good than bad. However, in this case, these people have processes that they do in their daily routines and taking away Chrome from them messes with their process and their morale. (Being stuck in their job 8+ hours a day is bad enough and taking away their favorite browser sets them off pretty quickly.) While I have the update installed and I run Chrome without issue, I'm a FF user for my personal stuff so I wouldn't be affected anyway. So, yes, you can have them not use Chrome but, you may catch some flack from your paying customers when their IT staff tells them to use another browser.