Multiple hard drive partitions

A bit of googling already gave me an answer:

The partition labelled "EFI system partition" holds data Windows and your computer need to boot. [1]

The three other partitions are clearly labelled as well. They're recovery partitions, they're used to revert windows to its original state.[2] Why there are multiple of them is explained here.

Also, keep in mind what Tetsujin mentioned when talking about computers. Memory usually means RAM.