Does CIDR (Classless inter-domain routing) generate same IP adresses?

If Company A got 135.64.128.0/17, then Company B cannot get 135.64.192.0/18.

This is because the block for Company A would then include Company B. No intersection is possible when allocating IP blocks.

Only if Company B is a sub-company of A, then A can allocate it this slice. But this decision is internal to Company A. For the rest of the world, Company A stays the sole owner of 135.64.128.0/17.