Rails Migrations: Check Existence and Keep Going?

I was doing this kind of thing in my migrations:

add_column :statuses, :hold_reason, :string rescue puts "column already added"

but it turns out that, while this works for SQLite, it does not work for PostgreSQL. It seems like if the add_column blows up, even if the Exception is caught, the transaction is dead and so the Migration can't do any additional work.

Is there any non-DB sepecific ways to check if a column or table already exist? Failing that, is there any way to get my rescue block to really work?

As of Rails 3.0 and later, you can use column_exists? to check for the existance of a column.

unless column_exists? :statuses, :hold_reason
  add_column :statuses, :hold_reason, :string
end

There's also a table_exists? function, which goes as far back as Rails 2.1.

Or even shorter

add_column :statuses, :hold_reason, :string unless column_exists? :statuses, :hold_reason

Rails 6.1+:

add_column :statuses, :hold_reason, :string, if_not_exists: true

https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/38352/files

Rails < 6.1:

add_column :statuses, :hold_reason, :string unless column_exists?(:statuses, :hold_reason)

For Rails 2.X, you can check the existence of columns with the following:

columns("[table-name]").index {|col| col.name == "[column-name]"}

If it returns nil, no such column exists. If it returns a Fixnum, then the column does exist. Naturally, you can put more selective parameters between the {...} if you want to identify a column by more than just its name, for example:

{ |col| col.name == "foo" and col.sql_type == "tinyint(1)" and col.primary == nil }

(this answer first posted on How to write conditional migrations in rails?)