Secret way to trigger Thesaurus on Mac OS X?

It is possible that you pressed the esc key. Yosemite has a similar feature to iOS 8's QuickType keyboard that "intelligently predicts" what you are trying to type. It looks like this:

Predictive text menu on OS X Yosemite

Is this what appeared?


What I think you saw is the writing suggestions, accessible by pressing Esc.