How can I protect myself against being thrown off the islands?

Solution 1:

Set up wall spells behind you.

Don't use a shield.

Throw them off before they throw you.

Pray.

Solution 2:

While I agree with the foreanswerer on some techniques, there's one that works wonders if you have access to it - teleportation.

It can be achieved by either the Teleport spe-- cough... Magick... or the Staff of Emergency Teleport. Since you're in the sixth chapter and the Magick is unlocked in the seventh, try finding a Goblin Shaman for the safety measure this staff provides.