How do I set persistent environment variables for root?

To create persistent environment variables, I add the script file to /etc/profile.d directory, for example:

# my script
export MY_VAR=var_value

This works properly for current user:

alex@alex-64:~$ echo $MY_VAR
var_value

Now I need the same environment variables for the root user, but /etc/profile.d script doesn't work for root:

alex@alex-64:~$ echo $MY_VAR
var_value
alex@alex-64:~$ sudo su
root@alex-64:/home/alex# echo $MY_VAR

root@alex-64:/home/alex# 

How can I set the same variables for the root?

Solution 1:

sudo does not normally preserve local environment variables. You should use it with the -E switch to do so, i.e. sudo -E su will preserve $MYVAR for root.

Alternatively, to create persistent variables that are truly system-wide, you should set them in /etc/environment.

Solution 2:

Defaults env_reset in /etc/sudoers will reset root's PATH defined by /etc/environment.

You could modify it to Defaults !env_reset to disable resetting or add:

Defaults secure_path="my/custom/path:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin

Solution 3:

Like the process you define your own environment variable, for example by editing '~/.bashrc', you can define root's environment variable by editing '/root/.bashrc'.

Solution 4:

You can pass environment variables using env flag. I always need to get around proxies and this is a constant issue for me. Especially when you need to pass PATH and proxy environment variables.

Command:

sudo env "ENV=$ENV1" "ENV2=$ENV2" [command]

And you can add it as an alias (add this .bashrc, .bash_aliases or .zshrc etc).

Example of my alias:

alias psudo='sudo env "PATH=$PATH" "HTTP_PROXY=$HTTP_PROXY" "HTTPS_PROXY=$HTTPS_PROXY" "http_proxy=$http_proxy" "https_proxy=$http_proxy"'

Be mindful that this obviously reduces the security of sudo.