Can you reference an entire column in OpenOffice Calc (like A:A in Excel)?

No, but it will be available in a future version of Calc: https://bugs.documentfoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=44419

Edit: Actually, it's already downloadable in "LibreOffice Fresh".

Also this question is about OpenOffice, which is a separate product now. I don't know if they incorporate changes like this from LibreOffice, but I found this:

In the long run, this means that big improvements to OpenOffice can be incorporated into LibreOffice, while big improvements to LibreOffice can’t be incorporated into OpenOffice. This clearly gives a big advantage to LibreOffice, which will develop quicker and incorporate more features and improvements.

Edit: Actually this is not really fixed. You can enter A:A in some places, but it's then converted to A1:A1048576 which is not the same thing. It doesn't actually treat A:A as it should. If you move rows around, it becomes broken, for instance.

Also it seems that if you use it to make charts, your charts will become hundreds of MB inside the zip file and slow down the computer, etc.

You can make it less complicated by naming the column. Select the column and name it via the Name Box near the upper-left corner of Calc. You can't use A:A, but AA will work. This is similar to #3 above. It seems to handle insert/delete of rows fine, but I didn't test it all that much. Make a template with every column named and start there when you need the feature. That seems to be the approach requiring the least effort.

However, this still doesn't work like I would expect. It's the same as using $A:$A in Excel. If you copy the formula to a new column, it will continue to reference column A instead of being translated to a new column by the offset of the copy. It makes things really cumbersome if you're used to this feature.

In the end, to duplicate the functionality precisely, looks like we have to use A$1:A$1048576.

Was looking for the answer to this myself and found another option along the way..

The answer referring to naming the column was unclear to me when I read it..

From this beginner's view it was trying to say that when you select the whole row, in the drop down box in the upper left hand corner it says to the effect A1:A1048576.. this you rename to give the column a name.. and use that in place of Excel's A:A

This just kept causing me issues though, and like the way I found better, if it's applicable to whoever else finds this post's needs.

Instead, in say A1.. I have a title.. Total we'll say.. with all the values beneath it.

I just used that instead of renaming the column and worked basically the same without as many issues.. though in cases of Title characters that use functions such as / (which was an issue I was having) you need to remember to put apostrophes before and after ie.. 'Km/Gal' confused Calc until I realized I needed them...

Had to name it something normal first (kmgal) and then change it after I put in the formula to calculate the average.. In which Calc corrected it for me, and then I noticed what it did and fixed them myself.

So simply, in the use I used...