Basic understanding of installing and starting programs - install programs from zip files and start installed programs [duplicate]

Solution 1:

You can install applications different ways. Terminal, the Ubuntu Software Center, and Synaptic.

With the Ubuntu Software Center, you just open it from the Launcher, and search for the application that you want.

If you know the right commands to install via terminal, then you'd just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, you can run the command(s) needed to install the application.

For synaptic, it has to be installed on you system. To install it, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt install synaptic

Once installed, you can open it, and search for the application that you want to install, and just mark it for installation.

Also in some cases, you have to download either a .deb file in case of your question about Chrome, and have to manually install it, or a .tar.gz file, and that also have to done manually.

Now as far as Chrome is concerned, you can install it by downloading the .deb file, or just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

For 32bit

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb

For 64bit

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

If you encounter any error during the installation, when its done do

sudo apt -f install

For pros and cons of the different ways to install see this Post.

_{^{Source for Chrome installation: Google}}

Addition

Installing software in Ubuntu can be done several ways:

Ubuntu Software Center

You can search for an application, or go through the categories:

Synaptic Package Manager

You can search for an application, or go through the categories:

Installing via Terminal

Installing from terminal can be done in several ways:

APT
You can search for an application. The command to search for software is:

apt search <application_name>

Adding Repositories:

Edit the sources list file, and add

sudo -H gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Or add from terminal

sudo add-apt-repository <repository_name>
sudo apt update
sudo apt install <application_name>

Others ways you can install

Manual download of a .deb (Debian package):

• Once downloaded, you can double-click on the package to have it open in the Software Center, from where you can install it.

• Or, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, navigate to the download location, and run the command(s) below:

  sudo dpkg -i <package_name>.deb
  

Other options:

• .rpm files are packaged for Fedora or Mandriva, but you can use alien (you can install using Synaptic) that allows you to convert .rpm files to .deb. (may not work all the time)

• .tar.gz files are compressed. If you see the .tar.gz, it could be compressed files that have a pre-compiled binary file, or files that have the source code allowing you to compile the application from source. To find out how to install from a .tar.gz, see How to install from a .tar.gz.

For more info see Installing Software, or A beginners guide to installing programs in Ubuntu

Solution 2:

There are many ways to install packages in Ubuntu. I will try to list the most used methods, giving links to detailed explanations for each one.

Installing packages with an internet connection

1. Installing packages via your web browser

The APT protocol (or apturl) is a very simple way to install a software package from a web browser.

2. Installing packages via a basic graphical method

Ubuntu Software Center is a one-stop shop for installing and removing software on your computer.

3. Installing packages via an advanced graphical method

Synaptic is a graphical front-end to apt, the package management system in Ubuntu.

4. Installing packages via text based methods

• Aptitude - the text-based method
• apt-get - the technical method

Installing packages without an internet connection

1. Using Keryx

Keryx is a portable, cross-platform package manager that provides a graphical interface for gathering updates, packages, and dependencies for offline computers.

2. Using the Synaptic package download script

Synaptic package manager has built-in feature to generate a package download script.

3. Using apt-offline

apt-offline is an offline text based apt package manager.

4. Installing downloaded packages

• .deb packages (here fits the part from the question relating to the installation of Google Chrome)
• .tar.gz and .tar.bz2 packages
• .rpm packages

Source: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingSoftware

Solution 3:

How to install Ubuntu software when you're a (future) ex-Windows user!

16.04 and higher: Ubuntu Software Center has been renamed to Ubuntu Software

(Everything else remains the same)

The most important thing is to remember that some day you'll have to remove this piece of software that you're going to install, so always use a removal method identical to your installation method.

Therefore, use the following priority for installing software on Ubuntu:

1. Forget about what you know about downloading and installing from websites all over the place and use the following priority list on how to install software under Ubuntu because you now have (and want to keep) a stable system.

2. For beginning users: first 3 months, up to a year of using Ubuntu
   Install/remove from the standard Ubuntu repositories using the GUI of the Ubuntu Software (Center).

   As per below screen shot, click the dash in the upper left corner, type software, click the Ubuntu Software(Center).
   

   

   The Ubuntu Software (Center) opens:

   

   and you have a ton of application categories on the left to choose from. Or type the name of the software in the search box in the top right corner (which is what we'll be using)

   

   I'm as amazed as you, but there is indeed crap software for Ubuntu, :-) so just click the crap you want, click on "Install", wait a bit and done!

   To remove software using this method, click on the "installed" button on the second screen shot, click the crap you want to uninstall and click the "Uninstall" button! Easy-peasy.

   And if the software is not there, don't go downloading it from somewhere else and install it using some of the more advanced features below! You're a beginner!

3. (Intermediate users, 6 months-1 year of experience)
   Use the TUI of aptitude
   Press Ctrl+Alt+T to go to a terminal and type:

   sudo aptitude
   

   and press Enter

   If you get aptitude: command not found, type:

   sudo apt install aptitude
   

   to install aptitude and wait until nothing moves any more and then type:

   sudo aptitude
   

   to start it.

   

   This is still kind of familiar: you can use the mouse, but it's like you're back in 1988 before the WWW was invented. And now comes the first hurdle: RTFM for aptitude by typing:

   man aptitude 
   

   This is important! aptitude can let you do more advanced things, but is a back-stabbing servant!

4. Now on to more advanced stuff: (Use only when directed by knowledgeable people on this site having >5000 reputation + at least one gold badge)

   Press Ctrl+Alt+T and type:

   • apt install szPackageName to install
   • apt purge szPackageName to completely remove
   • apt remove szPackageName to remove the application, keeping its configuration files. (meaning: you might want to reinstall this sometime later and you just spent a few hours configuring the damn thing and don't want to lose the config!)

5. Really advanced stuff: (Use only when directed by immortals, that is: knowledgeable people on this site having >10000 reputation + several gold badges)

   a. Download and install a .deb file: use dpkg --install szPackageName and dpkg --purge szPackageName and dpkg --remove szPackageName to install, completely remove and remove without config files.

   b. Install a PPA: clearly follow instructions. if anything goes wrong, copy-paste the error, ask a question on this site, insert a link to the question and answer you were following and report back to the immortal! ;-)

6. 'Just download and build from source!!!'

   Probably a developer telling you this and he knows nothing about installing and maintaining a stable system without any problems, but has the coolest stuff on the planet!
   Depending on your point of view to be embraced with love or to be avoided like the plague.

   So if you do download and build from source, use CheckInstall instead of make install to be able to remove this software more easily in the future, like in this example regardless of what the developer says!

Solution 4:

Installing from Ubuntu Software

You can install applications from the Ubuntu Software application present in your launcher:

Here you can search for applications which are present in Ubuntu's repository.

Installing from terminal

Sometimes it is easy to install a software directly from the terminal. You can do so by typing in terminal:

sudo apt install <package name>

ex, Firewalll:

sudo apt install gufw

If anything goes wrong, you can fix most of them by installing their dependencies as

sudo apt install -f

Installing from PPA

If a software isn't present in Ubuntu software or is an older version than the latest official release, you can add a PPA (a software repository) and install software from there. You can add a PPA in your Ubuntu by typing this in terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:<PPA NAME>
sudo apt update
sudo apt install <package name>

Installing DEB files

There are some software (such as Google Chrome) which are present as an executable .deb from their website:

You can download their executable DEB files and run them by double clicking or through terminal by typing:

sudo dpkg -i <file name>.deb
sudo apt install -f

Some applications (such as netbeans) does not come as DEB file, but as a .sh file. You can run them in terminal by typing:

chmod +x <file name>
sudo sh <file name> # or
sudo ./<file name>

Snaps

A new type of software packaging called "Snaps" is also present which is a collection of the software and its dependencies in a single file. It is a single, distro independent setup for installing a software. Many software such as VLC, Blender etc are present as a Snap package. You can find them in the Ubuntu software.