How to Get Thinkpad T480 Embedded Controller Update to Compile
Solution 1:
The desktop application you've shared a screenshot of is the equivalent of the fwupdmgr CLI utility.
It looks like the vendor uploaded a broken version of the firmware but the firmware update system doesn't bother checking for update the overwrote a broken version.
Running:
sudo fwupdmgr refresh
seems to have forced a refresh of metadata for packages to download.
Running an update with:
sudo fwupdmgr update
Completed the operation successfully. After a reboot and a few minutes of waiting everything worked on my machine. I hope this helps.