Can you run Windows off an external SSD via USB-C?

Solution 1:

This is called Windows To Go, but this is officially only supported for Windows 10 Enterprise edition.

If you use the normal Windows 10 Home or Pro edition, setup a Windows 10 VM (if you are on Mac) and use Rufus to create a Windows To Go drive:

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Now boot from that SSD connected via USB(-c) and use Windows.