What GUI file managers show most details during file transfer?
Solution 1:
Stable, very complete and very configurable, Double Commander (meant for advanced use) also has the desired parameters:
This file manager has many other features with regard to copying, like creating different queues.
sudo apt-get install doublecmd-gtk
or
sudo apt-get install doublecmd-qt
One that has the speed graph (but lacks ETA) is muCommander
Considering the default file managers:
As said in the other answer, Dolphin, the Kde/Plasma default, provides many of those 6 parameters (1 to 4). Oddly, Dolphin seems to lack the "percentage of progress", but I think that in the past the Plasma notifications even showed a speed variation graph (6) on Dolphin transfer. (I am not aware of another Linux file manager that ever showed 6.)
It might be a problem having Dolphin in Gnome/GTK (it comes with many KDE- dependencies. The notifications view will be absent).
Nemo seems even more complete than Dolphin in this respect (1 to 5):
Which makes unnecessary the use of the somewhat outdated Nemo-Ultracopier
Too bad it is not possible anymore to use Ultracopier with with Nautilus, which otherwise only shows progress bar (1), speed (3) and ETA (4).
The same is shown in PCManFM.
Thunar and Caja only show progress bar (1) and file size (2).
Polo file manager, although not completely developed in other aspects.
Sunflower:
Solution 2:
Notifications in KDE show all of this information when transferring files with Dolphin.
The same notifications also show this information in other contexts, like when you are downloading files from Firefox.
If you install a whole bunch of different file managers on your existing system, you might break things in a way that could be difficult to reverse.
Instead of that, why don't you try out some of the official flavors of Ubuntu to determine which flavor has the best features for you?
You can "Try Ubuntu" from bootable installation media without having to affect your installed system.
Solution 3:
spacefm opens a status pane to display most of the desired information:
Clicking that opens a new window with more details:
spacefm
is available in the universe repository for all recent Ubuntu versions. Install with
sudo apt install spacefm-gtk3 (GTK3-version) or
sudo apt install spacefm (GTK2-Version)