How do I get the Steam library view to open on "Installed"?
Solution 1:
If you select the "Installed" view on the Library tab, and then exit Steam (file > exit) and restart Steam again, clicking on the Library tab will default you to the last selected view before you exited Steam (which would be the installed games view).
This only seems to work if you specifically exit the game, rather than let it close when you restart your computer.
Tested as working on Steam 1367621987 build date May 3 2013, 15:12:10