Does installing Wireshark via homebrew provide a graphical interface?

Type brew options wireshark to show the options provided with wireshark.

To install Wireshark with the UI :

brew install wireshark --with-qt

If you've already installed, you can use the reinstall command instead. This should only download the required qt dependencies.

brew reinstall wireshark --with-qt

If you use the pre-built Wireshark binaries from http://www.wireshark.org/download.html you get the X11 GUI built in. It calls up X11 on its own (which can take a while to start and make it appear as if Wireshark is broken).