Stop shell wildcard character expansion?

No. The expansion takes place before the command is actually run.
You can only disable the glob before running the command or by quoting the star.

$ # quote it
$ foo '*'

$ # or escape it
$ foo \*

$ # or disable the glob (noglob)
$ set -f
$ foo *

$ # alternative to set -f
$ set -o noglob
$ # undo it by 
$ set +o noglob

While it is true a command itself can not turn off globbing, it is possible for a user to tell a Unix shell not to glob a particular command. This is usually accomplished by editing a shell's configuration files. Assuming the command foo can be found along the command path, the following would need to be added to the appropriate configuration file:

For the sh, bash and ksh shells:

alias foo='set -f;foo';foo(){ command foo "$@";set +f;}

For the csh and tcsh shells:

alias foo 'set noglob;\foo \!*;unset noglob'

For the zsh shell:

alias foo='noglob foo'

The command path does not have to be used. Say the command foo is stored in the directory ~/bin, then the above would become:

For the sh, bash and ksh shells:

alias foo='set -f;foo';foo(){ ~/bin/foo "$@";set +f;}

For the csh and tcsh shells:

alias foo 'set noglob;$home/bin/foo \!*;unset noglob'

For the zsh shell:

alias foo='noglob ~/bin/foo'

All of the above was tested using Apple's OSX 10.9.2. Note: When copying the above code, be careful about deleting any spaces. They may be significant.

Update:

User geira has pointed out that in the case of a bash shell

alias foo='set -f;foo';foo(){ ~/bin/foo "$@";set +f;}

could be replaced with

reset_expansion(){ CMD="$1";shift;$CMD "$@";set +f;}
alias foo='set -f;reset_expansion ~/bin/foo'

which eliminates the need for the function foo.

Some web sites used to create this document:

• Unix shell

• Pass Command Line Arguments To a Bash Alias Command

• Csh - The C Shell

• Bash Builtin Commands

• Comparison with the Bourne shell and csh startup sequences

• Alias Loop in csh

• How to pass command line arguments to a shell alias?

• Invoking program when a bash function has the same name

• Special shell variables

• C Shell Aliases with Command-Line Arguments

• Preventing Wildcard Expansion / Globbing in Shell Scripts