Prove or disprove that ${F_{n}}^2 + 41$ is always a composite (if $F_{n}$ is $n^{th}$ Fibonacci number)
The problem is as follows:
Prove or disprove: If $F_{n}$ is the $n^{th}$ Fibonacci number then $${F_{n}}^2 + 41$$ is always a composite number.
It looks that if $n$ is not multiple of 12, ${F_{n}}^2 + 41$ is divisible by $2$, $3$, or $5$. If $n$ is multiple of 12, however, some interesting, unusual, cases appear:
$${F_{12}}^2 + 41 = 79 \times 263$$
$${F_{72}}^2 + 41 = 9749 \times 25485321772339055988195013$$
$${F_{108}}^2 + 41 = 5119 \times 1317671 \times 41055200011068517359399666969411793$$
$${F_{204}}^2 + 41 = 5 \times 6400350375910983011604271319374598934759558555511500080780194261$$
Using PrimeQ[]
, Mathematica says that ${F_{n}}^2 + 41$ is composite for $n < 10000$.
This is related to this and this question.
My intuitive feeling is that for some large $n$, ${F_{n}}^2 + 41$ is prime.
As soon as I posted the question, Mathematica reported that there is one case of $n$ between $10000$ and $20000$ where the expression in question is prime!
The case is $n=12588$.
That's cool! This can serve as an educational real-world example that it is not enough to check first 10000 cases. That's why I won't delete this question and answer, although the suspense lasted only few minutes...