How to direct a custom domain at a particular tweet [closed]

Answer created from @Patrick-Mevzek's helpful comments:

NO you can't do what you describe just with the DNS, which maps names (not URLs) to IP addresses here. You need the DNS to point the hostname to a webserver and then you need to configure that webserver to reply for this hostname and do a proxy or redirect to the real URL.

"Can I for example point it at Twitter name servers?".

NO. Twitter (or anyone else) nameservers are irrelevant here.