Why "answer me" but not "answer me the question"?

Why are "answer me" and "answer the question" acceptable but not "answer me the question"? Is it similar to "explain me (something)"?

Riddle me this, Batman.

Sometimes it actually is ok to “answer me a question”. Acceptability may vary. For example, this sounds fine to me:

If you can answer me this next question, you can go free.

Here are several examples from Google Books, all of which sound find to my ear:

• I want you to answer me this question. What is your heart made of? He mocked her.

• Do answer me this question, if you please?' The exasperated dwarf returned no answer, but turned round and caught up his usual weapon with such vehemence, that Tom Scott dragged his charge away, by main force, and as swiftly as he ... [Charles Dickens]

• Well, then, Bernadette, answer me this. Do you know what they're going to think in Hanoi when they learn that the children of the officers of this country's military are protesting the war?

• Come, then, and answer me what difference it makes whether I present Paul speaking in my way, or a commentator says 'this is what Paul means,' and goes on to give his own explanation.

• "Wait jest a minute, duke— answer me this one question, honest and fair; if you didn't put the money there, say it, and I'll b'lieve you, and take back everything I said." [Mark Twain]

• Then he said: 'Can you answer me this one? Why is the county of Kildare like the leg of a fellow's breeches?' [James Joyce]

• "You answer me one question, there, Kali girl," he says quietly, the dangerous, angry drunk gone for a moment, replaced by a sad, dejected man. "Answer me one question, and if you answer it right, I'll go. Okay?"

• “Answer me one thing before you go. One thing, and tell me the truth. Have you ever been in love?”

• "I will tell you that if you will first answer me one question, Rima."

• Answer me one word — is it this mysterious stranger whom your father honours with his friendship?

• “Before I draw nearer to that stone to which you point,” said Scrooge, “answer me one question. Are these the shadows of the things that will be, or are they shadows of the things that may be, only?” [Charles Dickens]

• Before I reply," said Preciosa, "you must answer me one thing, by the life of the one you most love." [Edgar Allen Poe]

• The incognita, however, shook her head with a mournful, abstracted air, and did not answer him one word.

• And did you answer him his question? —I answered him a few questions.

• Listen to me," coming a step nearer, " before I go you shall answer me one question.

• I told him be had intimated that two or three times to me; that if he would answer me two questions, I would then listen to him.

• 'Noble count,' said Marco, 'answer me two questions, and I shall receive these gifts in pay for your answers.' [Mary Shelley]

• “You answer me three questions and then I will let you know how excited I am for you.”

Previous Answer

The simple answer is because we no longer talk that way. Here’s a rather famous quote that uses the very thing you have asked about:

“He who would cross the Bridge of Death must answer me these questions three ere the other side he see.”

As you might detect, that is a valid but archaic formulation. (Another sign of deliberate archaism there is the present subjunctive following ere.)

The OED has several transitive senses of answer, but almost all are marked either archaic or indeed even obsolete, especially the bitransitive ones.

Here are a few such examples from the OED:

• 1581 Charke in Confer. iv. (1584) F f b, - You haue so often chalenged vs to answere you an argument.
• 1594 Shaks. Rich. III, iv. ii. 96 - Stanley looke to your Wife: if she conuey Letters to Richmond, you shall answer it.
• 1625 Donne Serm. cl. Wks. VI. 61 - Whosoever is dead in that family by thy negligence, thou shall answer the King that subject.
• 1731 Swift Corr. II. 649 - The maid will..sell more butter and cheese than will answer her wages.
• 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. §125 - The Proprietors could not answer it to the public..if they kept me in waiting.

The simple answer is that, while answer is a transitive predicate, and therefore has a direct object (referring either to the question that was answered or the addressee of the answer -- but not both at the same time); nevertheless answer is not a bitransitive predicate, and therefore has no indirect object.

• I told the number to Bill ~ I told Bill the number

• I sent the book to Bill ~ I sent Bill the book.
  (bitransitive verbs, direct & indirect objects, and Dative Alternation)

• I fixed the socket ~ **I fixed the socket to Bill* ~ **I fixed Bill the socket*

• I answered the question ~ **I answered the question to Bill* ~ **I answered Bill the question*
  (transitive verbs w/ direct object, but no indirect object, therefore no Dative Alternation)

The more complicated answer is a lot of people don't accept that answer can be ditransitive (i.e. - they don't think it can validly modify both me and the question in OP's example).

I'm not going to say they're wrong - I'm perfectly happy with I'll open you the door, for example, but fairly obviously most people aren't.

But I would say that in the case of [in?] question, it's worth noting there are apparently over half-a-million written instances in Google Books of...

Answer me this

...so if it is wrong, a lot of people either don't know that, or don't care. I think many verbs are "marginal" in this respect, and that answer is considered "ditransitive" by a significant minority.

For reasons that aren't fully clear to me, people are more prepared to "stretch" marginal verbs when the additional indirect object is me. So **"I answered Bill the question"* sounds bad to people who don't mind "Answer me that!"

I think it's probably connected with the fact that forms like "Give me the money!" are acceptable to all because the indirect object (me) is a recipient. When you say "Answer me that!", what you really mean is "Give me an answer to that!". Semantically, answer serves as a "giving" verb, allowing it to be used ditransitively.

The specific indirect object me probably figures disproportionately high in the total number of utterances a person makes (we're always saying variants of "Give me this!" and "Give me that!"). My guess is that predisposes at least some of us to accept "Answer me that!" more easily than **"Answer Bill the question!"*