Create directories with a name from txt file which contain '/' character

I have a .txt file that contains a text like this

A1/B1/C1
A2/B2/C2 
A3/B3/C3

I want a script that reads the .txt file for each line then create a directory based on the first word (A1, A2, A3)

I have created script like this:

file="test.txt"
while IFS='' read -r line
do
    name="line"
    mkdir -p $line
done <"$file"

While I run it, it creates directory A1 then it also create sub-directories B1 and C1. the same happens for another line (A2* and A3*)

What should I do to create only A1, A2, A3 directories?

I don't want to make the name like A1/B1/C1 with '/' character in it. I just want to take the word before '/' character and make it directory name. Just "A1" "A2" "A3".

Solution 1:

You can just cut the 1st slash-delimited field of each line and give the list to mkdir:

mkdir $(<dirlist.txt cut -d/ -f1)

Example run

$ cat dirlist.txt 
A1/A2/A3
B1/B2/B3
C1/C2/C3
$ ls
dirlist.txt
$ mkdir $(<dirlist.txt cut -d/ -f1)
$ ls
A1  B1  C1  dirlist.txt

You may run into ARG_MAX problems if your list holds a huge number of directory names, in this case use GNU parallel or xargs as follows:

parallel mkdir :::: <(<dirlist.txt cut -d/ -f1)
xargs -a<(<dirlist.txt cut -d/ -f1) mkdir

While parallel has it covered, the xargs approach won’t work if the directory names contain spaces – you can either use \0 as the line delimiter or simply instruct xargs to only split the input on newline characters (as proposed by Martin Bonner) instead:

xargs -0a<(<dirlist.txt tr \\{n,0} | cut -d/ -f1 -z) mkdir # \\{n,0} equals \\n \\0
xargs -d\\n -a<(<dirlist.txt cut -d/ -f1) mkdir

In case any of the fields contains a newline character one would need to identify the “true” line endings and replace only those newline characters with e.g. \0. That would be a case for awk, but I feel it’s too far fetched here.

Solution 2:

You need to set your IFS='/' for read and then assign each first field into separate variable first and the rest of the fields into variable rest and just work on first field's value (Or you can read -ar array to a single array and use "${array[0]}" for the first field's value. ):

while IFS='/' read -r first rest;
do
    echo mkdir -- "$first" 
done < test.txt

###Or in single line for those who like it:

<test.txt xargs -d'\n' -n1 sh -c 'echo mkdir -- "$'{1%%/*}'"' _

###Or create all directories in one-go:

<test.txt xargs -d'\n' bash -c 'echo mkdir -- "$'{@%%/*}'"' _

The ANSI-C Quoting $'...' is used to deal with directory names containing special characters.

Note that the _ (can be any character or string) at the end will be argv[0] to the bash -c '...' and the $@ will contains rest of the parameters starting from 1; without that in second command the first parameter to the mkdir will be lost.

In ${1%%/*} using shell (POSIX sh/bash/Korn/zsh) parameter substitution expansion, removes longest possible match of a slash followed by anything till the end of the parameter passing into it which is a line that read by xargs;

P.s:

• Remove echo in front of the mkdir to create those directories.
• Replace -d'\n' with -0 if your list is separated with NUL characters instead of a \newline (supposed there is/are embedded newline in your directory name).

Solution 3:

Contents of test.txt:

A 12"x4" dir/B b/C c
A1/B1/C1
A2/B2/C2
A3/B3/C3

Script to create A[123] folders:

file="test.txt"
while read -r line ; do
   mkdir "${line%%/*}"
done < "$file"

Output of ls:

A 12"x4" dir
A1
A2
A3

Solution 4:

For simple case as shown in the question's input example, just use cut and pass output to mkdir via xargs

cut -f1 -d '/' file.txt | xargs -L1 mkdir 

For handling cases where directory name may contain spaces, we could add -d '\n' to the list of options:

$ cat input.txt 
A 1/B 1/C 1
A 2/B 2/C 2
A 3/B 2/C 2
$ cut -f1 -d '/' input.txt | xargs -d '\n' mkdir 
$ ls
A 1  A 2  A 3  input.txt

For more complex variations, such as A 12"x4" dir/B b/C c as suggested by @OleTange in the comments, one may turn to awk to create null-separated list instead of newline-separated list.

awk -F'/' '{printf  "%s\0",$1}' input.txt |  xargs -0 mkdir

@dessert in the comments wondered whether printf can be used instead of cut , and technically speaking it can be used, for instance via limiting the printed string to the width of 3 characters only:

xargs -d '\n' printf "%.3s\n"  < input.txt | xargs -L1 mkdir 

Not the cleanest way, but it proves printf can be used. Of course, this gets problematic if directory name becomes longer than 3 characters.