Tell Rsync to Skip Current file During Transfer?
I'm not familiar with such functionality, and the manual page for the current version doesn't make mention either. Short of browsing thru the source looking for "hidden features" that aren't mentioned in the manual page I think it's safe to assume that there's not any such functionality.
I agree, though, that it sounds like it could be a handy feature.
Sadly, the answer is "no", but there is a Bug Report in the rsync Bugzilla requesting this enhancement. Maybe someday...
I always kill rsync (control-c) and re-run with an --exclude option and possibly --delete. Since rsync leaves the destination directory partially updated, the second run should be faster because you can essentially start where you left off.
You might also look at the partial-dir option for large files.