Rspec stubbing method for only specific arguments

You can add a default stub for the fire! method which will call original implementation:

boss.stub(:fire!).and_call_original
boss.stub(:fire!).with(employee1).and_return(true)

Rspec 3 Syntax (@pk-nb)

allow(boss).to receive(:fire!).and_call_original
allow(boss).to receive(:fire!).with(employee1).and_return(true)

You can try write your own stubbing method, with code like this

fire_method = boss.method(:fire!)
boss.stub!(:fire!) do |employee|  
  if employee == employee1
    true
  else
    fire_method.call(*args)
  end
end