Specify scope for eval() in JavaScript?

is there any way I can execute eval() on a specific scope (but NOT global)?

for example, the following code doesn't work (a is undefined on the second statement) because they are on different scope:

eval(var a = 1); 
eval(alert(a));

If possible, I would like to create a scope on the fly. for example (the syntax is definitely wrong, but just to illustrate the idea)

var scope1;
var scope2;
with scope1{
    eval(var a = 1); eval(alert(a));  // this will alert 1
}
with scope2{
    eval(var a = 1); eval(a++); eval(alert(a));  // this will alert 2
}
with scope1{
    eval(a += 2); eval(alert(a)); // this will alert 3 because a is already defined in scope1
}

Any idea on how to achieve something like this? Thanks!

you can use the "use strict" to contain the eval'ed code within the eval itself.

Second, eval of strict mode code does not introduce new variables into the surrounding scope. In normal code eval("var x;") introduces a variable x into the surrounding function or the global scope. This means that, in general, in a function containing a call to eval every name not referring to an argument or local variable must be mapped to a particular definition at runtime (because that eval might have introduced a new variable that would hide the outer variable). In strict mode eval creates variables only for the code being evaluated, so eval can't affect whether a name refers to an outer variable or some local variable

var x = 17;                                       //a local variable
var evalX = eval("'use strict'; var x = 42; x");  //eval an x internally
assert(x === 17);                                 //x is still 17 here
assert(evalX === 42);                             //evalX takes 42 from eval'ed x

If a function is declared with "use strict", everything in it will be executed in strict mode. the following will do the same as above:

function foo(){
    "use strict";

     var x = 17;
     var evalX = eval("var x = 42; x");
     assert(x === 17);
     assert(evalX === 42);
}

Create the variables you want to exist in your scope as local variables in a function. Then, from that function, return a locally-defined function that has a single argument and calls eval on it. That instance of eval will use the scope of its containing function, which is nested inside the scope of your top level function. Each invocation of the top level function creates a new scope with a new instance of the eval function. To keep everything dynamic, you can even use a call to eval in the top level function to declare the variables that will be local to that scope.

Example code:

function makeEvalContext (declarations)
{
    eval(declarations);
    return function (str) { eval(str); }
}

eval1 = makeEvalContext ("var x;");
eval2 = makeEvalContext ("var x;");

eval1("x = 'first context';");
eval2("x = 'second context';");
eval1("window.alert(x);");
eval2("window.alert(x);");

https://jsfiddle.net/zgs73ret/

Simple as pie.

// Courtesy of Hypersoft-Systems: U.-S.-A.
function scopeEval(scope, script) {
  return Function('"use strict";return (' + script + ')').bind(scope)();
}

scopeEval(document, 'alert(this)');

Here is a 20-line or so JS class that implements an extensible context using eval in a lexical scope:

// Scope class
//   aScope.eval(str) -- eval a string within the scope
//   aScope.newNames(name...) - adds vars to the scope
function Scope() {
  "use strict";
  this.names = [];
  this.eval = function(s) {
    return eval(s);
  };
}

Scope.prototype.newNames = function() {
  "use strict";
  var names = [].slice.call(arguments);
  var newNames = names.filter((x)=> !this.names.includes(x));

  if (newNames.length) {
    var i, len;
    var totalNames = newNames.concat(this.names);
    var code = "(function() {\n";

    for (i = 0, len = newNames.length; i < len; i++) {
      code += 'var ' + newNames[i] + ' = null;\n';
    }
    code += 'return function(str) {return eval(str)};\n})()';
    this.eval = this.eval(code);
    this.names = totalNames;
  }
}


// LOGGING FOR EXAMPLE RUN
function log(s, eval, expr) {
	s = '<span class="remark">' + String(s);
  if (expr) {
    s += ':\n<b>' + expr + '</b>   -->   ';
  }
  s += '</span>';
  if (expr) {
    try {
      s += '<span class="result">' + JSON.stringify(eval(expr)) + '</span>';
    } catch (err) {
      s += '<span class="error">' + err.message + '</span>';
    }
  }
  document.body.innerHTML += s + '\n\n';
}
document.body.innerHTML = '';


// EXAMPLE RUN
var scope = new Scope();
log("Evaluating a var statement doesn't change the scope but newNames does (should return undefined)", scope.eval, 'var x = 4')
log("X in the scope object should raise 'x not defined' error", scope.eval, 'x');
log("X in the global scope should raise 'x not defined' error", eval, 'x');
log("Adding X and Y to the scope object");
scope.newNames('x', 'y');
log("Assigning x and y", scope.eval, 'x = 3; y = 4');
log("X in the global scope should still raise 'x not defined' error", eval, 'x');
log("X + Y in the scope object should be 7", scope.eval, 'x + y');
log("X + Y in the global scope should raise 'x not defined' error", eval, 'x + y');

.remark {
  font-style: italic;
}

.result, .error {
  font-weight: bold;
}

.error {
  color: red;
}

<body style='white-space: pre'></body>

This worked for me the best:

const scopedEval = (scope, script) => Function(`"use strict"; ${script}`).bind(scope)();

Usage:

scopedEval({a:1,b:2},"return this.a+this.b")

Specify scope for eval() in JavaScript?

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