Jenkins Docker image has no make or sudo
The image is a base official image, it has the minimal tools required for Jenkins to work, by design. There are people that want make, some want multiple versions of ruby, java, etc, some don't want anything in there because they use slaves .
It also doesn't run as root for security reasons following the Docker official images guidelines
Check this to extend the image and install more tools
you can run this command, get bash in your container and then install whatever you want: docker exec -it -u root jenkins bash otherwise you can configure it into your dockerfile