How get get Failover cluster volume information using powershell?

For CSVFS you can use next command in PowerShell:

Get-Volume | where {$_.FileSystem -match "CSVFS"} | fl *

for regular NTFS + Quorum this one

Get-ClusterResource | where {$_.ResourceType -eq "Physical Disk"} | fl *

Please note that this commands should be run inside cluster member.