How do I open a new Firefox window without toolbars, tabs, addins etc.? (shortcut rather than JavaScript)

When you say no JavaScript I assume you mean you're asking from a Firefox user perspective, not as a coder? If you're not opposed to JavaScript in principle you could always type this into your address bar:

javascript:window.open("http://www.google.com", "_blank", "resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,menubar=no")

This will open a URL in a new window, without toolbars. You will have to uncheck Block popup windows in menu Tools → Options → Content for this to work though. Also, Firefox from version 3 forces the address and status bars to be shown on all windows. You can disable this in about:config (more information).

You can turn some of them off in the 'view' menu under 'toolbars'.