grub2-install: "this GPT partition label contains no BIOS Boot Partition"
There seems to be quite a bit of discussion about this but I can't find a simple answer.
When I try to install grub2 I get this error:
# grub2-install /dev/sda
Installing for i386-pc platform.
grub2-install: warning: this GPT partition label contains no BIOS Boot Partition; embedding won't be possible.
grub2-install: warning: Embedding is not possible. GRUB can only be installed in this setup by using blocklists. However, blocklists are UNRELIABLE and their use is discouraged..
grub2-install: error: will not proceed with blocklists.
Here is the layout of /dev/sda:
Disk /dev/sda: 111.8 GiB, 120034123776 bytes, 234441648 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 7ECE06D0-9F0C-44FF-BCFB-142283172CCA
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 411647 409600 200M Linux filesystem (/boot)
/dev/sda2 411648 4605951 4194304 2G Linux swap
/dev/sda3 4605952 46548991 41943040 20G Linux filesystem (/)
/dev/sda4 46548992 234441614 187892623 89.6G Linux LVM (/var)
Is there a simple way that I can get around this problem? I understand that I need to create a tiny partition at the beginning of the disk as a "BIOS Boot Partition". I suppose one option would be to move the swap to /dev/sda4 as a logical volume, and use /dev/sda2 as /boot.
Alternatively I could just go back to grub-legacy and not worry about that (is there really an advantage to upgrading to grub2 if it causes this much trouble?).
Thoughts?
Solution 1:
You should first determine whether you want to use a BIOS/CSM/legacy-mode boot or an EFI/UEFI-mode boot. The former is the way that PCs have been booting since the 1980s, but it's an ugly and hackish system that will be going the way of the dodo before too long. Windows ties BIOS-mode booting to the MBR partition table, which you're not using (but could; your disk is nowhere near big enough to require GPT). Linux, FreeBSD, and most other modern OSes are more flexible, and support BIOS-mode booting from GPT; but there are sometimes firmware-created complications, and of course if you later decide to install Windows in a dual-boot setup you'll need to make changes or compromises.
EFI/UEFI-mode booting is less of a hack; but EFI implementations vary greatly in quality and the overall level of expertise and support on the Web for EFI is lower than that for BIOS. Windows ties use of GPT to EFI-mode booting, so if you expect to ever install Windows on your computer, EFI is definitely the way to go. Older computers are BIOS-only. EFI began to take off in the marketplace in mid-2011, so if your computer is older than that, you might not be able to use EFI.
If you go with BIOS-mode booting, you should create a BIOS Boot Partition on the disk. There's enough room at the start of your disk for this partition, but you'll need to set your sector alignment value to 1 (from the usual 2048) for this to work. I don't know offhand if this can be done with parted, but you can do it with gdisk. (Note that the space at the start of your disk is slightly under the recommended 1MiB size for a BIOS Boot Partition, but just by a few sectors. It will probably work fine, but might conceivably fail at some point in the future.) Alternatively, you can shrink any of your partitions by 1-2MiB to make room for the BIOS Boot Partition. This partition does not need to be the first partition on the disk, although that's the conventional location.
If you go with EFI/UEFI-mode booting, you must create an EFI System Partition (ESP). This partition must be FAT-formatted and must be significantly larger than a BIOS Boot Partition, so you'll have to resize something to create it. I recommend a size of 550MiB, although a tenth of that might work in a pinch.
To install GRUB, you should first be sure that you've installed the correct GRUB package. I'm not sure of naming in all distributions, but in Ubuntu, it would be grub-pc for BIOS/CSM/legacy mode and grub-efi-amd64 for EFI/UEFI mode. An EFI-mode installation will also require booting whatever you're using to install GRUB (a live CD/USB, presumably) in EFI mode. Doing this may require using your computer's built-in boot manager, which is typically accessed via a function key, but the details vary from one computer to another.
Solution 2:
If you want to use GPT partitions with old-style BIOS boot mode, then you need to create a BIOS partition of a few megabytes (16MiB should be fine and future proof) on the device where you want to install grub with grub-install.
Use, e.g. fdisk to create the partition of type "BIOS boot" somewhere on your disk. Example output:
# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 57E16A16-36B4-4445-A216-031EF6501415
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G Linux RAID
/dev/sda2 4196352 35653631 31457280 15G Linux RAID
/dev/sda3 35653632 37750783 2097152 1G Linux swap
/dev/sda4 37750784 37816319 65536 32M BIOS boot
/dev/sda5 37816320 1953525134 1915708815 913.5G Linux LVM
Solution 3:
You already have this tiny partition, so kk the first partition starts not with 1 but with 2048
/dev / sda1 2048 411647 409600 200M Linux file system (/boot)
You need to change the label type, from boot to bios_grub for example through parted:
parted /dev/sda
set 1 boot off
set 1 bios_grub on
q
Then again:
grub2-install /dev/sda
Solution 4:
The boot partition has to be formatted fat32, for it to work
mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdXY
Should fix it for you
Also the boot flag has to be on in parted:
set 1 boot on