Java - How to find out whether a File name is valid? [duplicate]

I assembled a list of illegal filename characters (considering UNIX, Mac OS X and Windows systems) based on some online research a couple of months ago. If the new filename contains any of these, there's a risk that it might not be valid on all platforms.

private static final char[] ILLEGAL_CHARACTERS = { '/', '\n', '\r', '\t', '\0', '\f', '`', '?', '*', '\\', '<', '>', '|', '\"', ':' };

EDIT: I would like to stress, that this is not a complete solution: as a commenter pointed out, even though it passes this test your file name could still be a Windows specific keyword like COM, PRN, etc. However, if your file name contains any of these characters, it will certainly cause trouble in a cross-platform environment.

Use createNewFile(), which will atomically create the file only if it doesn't yet exist.

If the file is created, the name is valid and it is not clobbering an existing file. You can then open the files and efficiently copy data from one to the other with FileChannel.transferXXX operations.

An important thing to keep in mind that, in general, the check and the creation should be atomic. If you first check whether an operation is safe, then perform the operation as a separate step, conditions may have changed in the meantime, making the operation unsafe.

Additional food for thought is available at this related post: "Move/Copy operations in Java."

Update:

Since this answer, the NIO.2 APIs have been introduced, which add more interaction with the file system.

Suppose you have an interactive program, and want to validate after each keystroke whether the file is potentially valid. For example, you might want to enable a "Save" button only when the entry is valid rather than popping up an error dialog after pressing "Save". Creating and ensuring the deletion of a lot of unnecessary files that my suggestion above would require seems like a mess.

With NIO.2, you can't create a Path instance containing characters that are illegal for the file system. An InvalidPathException is raised as soon as you try to create the Path.

However, there isn't an API to validate illegal names comprised of valid characters, like "PRN" on Windows. As a workaround, experimentation showed that using an illegal file name would raise a distinct exception when trying to access attributes (using Files.getLastModifiedTime(), for example).

If you specify a legal name for a file that does exist, you get no exception.

If you specify a legal name for a file that does not exist, it raises NoSuchFileException.

If you specify an illegal name, FileSystemException is raised.

However, this seems very kludgey and might not be reliable on other operating systems.

Here system specific way is suggested.

public static boolean isFilenameValid(String file) {
  File f = new File(file);
  try {
    f.getCanonicalPath();
    return true;
  } catch (IOException e) {
    return false;
  }
}

If developing for Eclipse, check out org.eclipse.core.internal.resources.OS

public abstract class OS {
   private static final String INSTALLED_PLATFORM;

   public static final char[] INVALID_RESOURCE_CHARACTERS;
   private static final String[] INVALID_RESOURCE_BASENAMES;
   private static final String[] INVALID_RESOURCE_FULLNAMES;

   static {
      //find out the OS being used
      //setup the invalid names
      INSTALLED_PLATFORM = Platform.getOS();
      if (INSTALLED_PLATFORM.equals(Platform.OS_WIN32)) {
         //valid names and characters taken from http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/fileio/fs/naming_a_file.asp
         INVALID_RESOURCE_CHARACTERS = new char[] {'\\', '/', ':', '*', '?', '"', '<', '>', '|'};
         INVALID_RESOURCE_BASENAMES = new String[] {"aux", "com1", "com2", "com3", "com4", //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$ //$NON-NLS-3$ //$NON-NLS-4$ //$NON-NLS-5$ 
               "com5", "com6", "com7", "com8", "com9", "con", "lpt1", "lpt2", //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$ //$NON-NLS-3$ //$NON-NLS-4$ //$NON-NLS-5$ //$NON-NLS-6$ //$NON-NLS-7$ //$NON-NLS-8$
               "lpt3", "lpt4", "lpt5", "lpt6", "lpt7", "lpt8", "lpt9", "nul", "prn"}; //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$ //$NON-NLS-3$ //$NON-NLS-4$ //$NON-NLS-5$ //$NON-NLS-6$ //$NON-NLS-7$ //$NON-NLS-8$ //$NON-NLS-9$
         Arrays.sort(INVALID_RESOURCE_BASENAMES);
         //CLOCK$ may be used if an extension is provided
         INVALID_RESOURCE_FULLNAMES = new String[] {"clock$"}; //$NON-NLS-1$
      } else {
         //only front slash and null char are invalid on UNIXes
         //taken from http://www.faqs.org/faqs/unix-faq/faq/part2/section-2.html
         INVALID_RESOURCE_CHARACTERS = new char[] {'/', '\0',};
         INVALID_RESOURCE_BASENAMES = null;
         INVALID_RESOURCE_FULLNAMES = null;
      }
   }

   /**
    * Returns true if the given name is a valid resource name on this operating system,
    * and false otherwise.
    */
   public static boolean isNameValid(String name) {
      //. and .. have special meaning on all platforms
      if (name.equals(".") || name.equals("..")) //$NON-NLS-1$ //$NON-NLS-2$
         return false;
      if (INSTALLED_PLATFORM.equals(Platform.OS_WIN32)) {
         //empty names are not valid
         final int length = name.length();
         if (length == 0)
            return false;
         final char lastChar = name.charAt(length-1);
         // filenames ending in dot are not valid
         if (lastChar == '.')
            return false;
         // file names ending with whitespace are truncated (bug 118997)
         if (Character.isWhitespace(lastChar))
            return false;
         int dot = name.indexOf('.');
         //on windows, filename suffixes are not relevant to name validity
         String basename = dot == -1 ? name : name.substring(0, dot);
         if (Arrays.binarySearch(INVALID_RESOURCE_BASENAMES, basename.toLowerCase()) >= 0)
            return false;
         return Arrays.binarySearch(INVALID_RESOURCE_FULLNAMES, name.toLowerCase()) < 0;
      }
      return true;
   }
}