No installation type when Dualboot Ubuntu 16.04 and Windows 10 (SSD & UEFI)

I directly get to the second window "Installation type" with the list of device on which I could install ubuntu. And there I only got one device named /dev/sda (which by the way is the same name as the "device for boot loader installation" : /dev/sda Kingston DT, which I found weird). I expected to see the 6 disk partitions I mentioned earlier.

The /dev/sda device you're seeing sounds like your USB flash drive, on which the Ubuntu installer itself resides. The symptoms you're reporting are usually the result of Ubuntu being unable to read your hard disk, which in turn usually means that the disk type or disk controller is not supported by the kernel you're using. If I'm right, there are several options for how to proceed:

• Since Ubuntu 16.04 and 16.04.1 use an older kernel, you may need to upgrade to a newer kernel by using Ubuntu 16.04.2, Ubuntu 16.10, or even a pre-release version of Ubuntu 17.04.
• If none of these versions work, then you could try another distribution (something unrelated to Ubuntu -- Fedora, OpenSUSE, or Arch might work; but don't bother with the likes of Mint or ElementaryOS, since they're based on Ubuntu).
• Another option is to install Ubuntu on an external USB drive. You'd need to use this drive for your shared NTFS partition, too.
• You could run Ubuntu in a virtual machine (VirtualBox, VMware, etc.) running under Windows.
• If the computer is new enough, you could return it to the store for a refund and get something else; or even if that's not an option, you could sell it and buy something else. In either of these cases, you should obviously be more cautious about compatibility. You might want to consult the Ubuntu certified hardware page to be sure you get something that works with Ubuntu.

There is no need of EFI partition as Ubuntu16.0.4 supports legacy mode also. When we install Windows 10 then it usually takes 2 drives. First one is of 500mb to boot and second one contains main windows files. After installing windows 10 create 3rd drive (file system ext4) for Ubuntu next to windows drive. Ubuntu takes about 10 gb to install. So I think it will be wise decision to give it more than 20 gb. After this we create 4th drive (Linux swap) for swapping which is mandatory for hibernating and increasing performance. Its size is dependent on ram and should be more than the size of total ram.

Now when you will run ISO, DVD or USB of Ubuntu installation in legacy mode it will give you first option to install Ubuntu with windows 10 to create dual boot. As you will enter in that option, a clear message will appear only 3rd and 4th drive will be reformatted. Go next, next and install Ubuntu. At the end you will see Dual boot system has been created.

Use "Gparted partition editor" to modify partitions which is already present in "Test mode of Ubuntu" (Live Cd mode) in same setup which you will run to install it.