How to recompile just a single kernel module?

Usually kernel source are stored in /usr/src/linux-2.6.x/. To avoid to recompile the entire kernel if I modify a module's source, how can I recompile just that module?

Solution 1:

Switch to the root directory of your source tree and run the following command:

$ make modules SUBDIRS=drivers/the_module_directory

And to install the compiled module:

$ make modules_install SUBDIRS=drivers/the_module_directory

Note: As lunakid mentions, the latter command might not build the module first, so be careful.

Solution 2:

since kernel versions 3.x.x and 4.x.x the procedure gets more complicated (but there is a hope, so keep reading):

make distclean if you haven't just cloned a new source but used to build other modules before
create new folder somewhere for the module source (example: extra) and copy only source files (from the kernel source or somewhere else) related to the module needed to be build into this new folder
copy /boot/config-`uname -r` file (example: /boot/config-4.8.0-46-generic) into kernel source folder file .config and run make oldconfig. if the module belongs to the kernel source, verify if it has been enabled by calling make menuconfig, by searching for the module and applying letter 'M' if necessary
kernel source root Makefile has to be altered with exact version components matching the current running one (you may verify with make kernelversion if it matches exactly the uname -rone)
there is been a strong suggestion to build scripts also before with make scripts
make prepare and make modules_prepare has to be executed prior to the actual module build
Module.symvers has to be copied from the target system headers folder corresponding running kernel version /usr/src/linux-headers-`uname -r`/Module.symvers (example: /usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-117-generic/Module.symvers) into the newly created module source files folder prepared for the module compilation (the one extra in example).
create new Makefile inside module source compilation folder having following line: obj-y += <module_source_file_name>.o or if the source code is complicated, use the guidance from here
only then it's the right time to build module with make -C <kernel source path> M=the_module_directory (example: make -C . M=extra/)
Use command modprobe --dump-modversion <module_name>.ko to verify CRC match between module exporting API and corresponding values in Module.symvers. in case of failure use command modinfo <module_name>.ko instead
verify if kernel.release file content match exactly the one from headers of the current running version. if you'll discover + appended at the end, it means you've been compiling git clonned source and your experimental modifications caused build system to compromise the localversion string by adding + at the end.
if only + has been discovered at the tail of kernel.release stored value and it's a mismatch with the exact name of the target running kernel,

the solution would be following:

commit all your changes, force release tag to shift above your modifications with the git tag -a <tag version> -f command. then rebuild your modules from step 8

Solution 3:

You can pass the path to the module name or module directory to make as parameter.

make path/to/the/module/itself.ko
make path/to/the/module/directory/

Solution 4:

In case you have edited just code in drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000_main.c file

Build the module.

make scripts prepare modules_prepare
make -C . M=drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000

Install the module.

cp drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000.ko /lib/modules/5.1.15/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000.ko

Solution 5:

make -C /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build M=$(pwd) modules
make -C /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build M=$(pwd) modules_install

https://askubuntu.com/questions/515407/how-recipe-to-build-only-one-kernel-module