Opening local document files in Google Docs

Is there any way that I could simply double click on a document file and have it open Chrome straight into google docs?

Upload Office Files to Google Docs From The Right Click Menu might help :

Google Data team today released a new Windows client that lets you easily upload multiple documents from the desktop to your Google Docs account

Files can be uploaded to Google Docs via the right-click menu or through the drag-and-drop functionality.

Did you tried gdocsopen? It will upload you document to google docs, and then it can either open a browser of your choice, or edit the document directly in the gdocsopen interface.